历史学家Rhae Lynn Barnes发现, 黑脸表演持续到20世纪, 受到政府计划及种族主义的推动, Historian Rhae Lynn Barnes found blackface performances lasted into the 20th century, fueled by government programs and racism, and linked them to modern political rhetoric.

历史学家Rhae Lynn Barnes揭露了那种业余黑脸表演,这种表演植根于种族主义的薄荷舞表演,一直持续到20世纪,与他们在1900年消失的信念相反。 Historian Rhae Lynn Barnes uncovered that amateur blackface performances, rooted in racist minstrel shows, persisted well into the 20th century, contrary to the belief they faded by 1900. 她的研究得到国会图书馆先前隐藏的档案材料的协助,揭示了逐步指南使学校、兄弟会、消防部门和军事单位能够进行舞台表演。 Her research, aided by previously hidden archival materials from the Library of Congress, revealed that step-by-step guides enabled schools, fraternities, fire departments, and military units to stage shows. 在大萧条期间,联邦政府宣传黑脸是美国遗产的一部分,通过工程进度管理局散发脚本。 During the Great Depression, the federal government promoted blackface as part of American heritage, distributing scripts through the Works Progress Administration. 商业化妆公司蓬勃发展 时代浪漫化奴隶制的歌曲 Commercial makeup companies thrived, and songs from the era romanticized slavery. 巴恩斯将现代政治言论,包括"让美国再次伟大",与迷你表演的格言联系起来. Barnes links modern political rhetoric, including “Make America Great Again,” to minstrel show tropes. 她强调, " 黑脸 " 的衰落是由于公民权利时代的激进主义,特别是黑人和白人母亲的激进主义,她认为理解这一历史是一项爱国义务。 She emphasizes that the decline of blackface was due to civil rights-era activism, particularly by Black and white mothers, and calls understanding this history a patriotic duty.