2013-2022年,加纳因贸易欺诈损失了541亿美元,主要通过黄金、可可和石油出口误报,损害公共服务。 Ghana lost $54.1 billion to trade fraud from 2013–2022, mainly via misinvoicing in gold, cocoa, and oil exports, harming public services.

根据《全球金融廉正报告》,2013年至2022年,加纳因贸易相关非法资金流动损失了约541亿美元,主要原因是黄金、可可和石油等关键出口品的贸易误报。 Ghana lost an estimated $54.1 billion to trade-related illicit financial flows between 2013 and 2022, primarily due to trade misinvoicing in key exports like gold, cocoa, and oil, according to a Global Financial Integrity report. 加纳近28%的贸易价值受到影响,其中205亿美元与同发达国家的交易有关。 Nearly 28% of Ghana’s trade value was affected, with $20.5 billion linked to transactions with developed nations. 由定价不透明和监督不力驱动的这些外流阻碍了公共投资,减少了卫生和教育资金。 These outflows, driven by pricing opacity and weak oversight, hinder public investment, reducing funding for health and education. 在这种损失方面,该国在非洲排名第三,落后于南非和尼日利亚。 The country ranks third in Africa for such losses, behind South Africa and Nigeria. 报告敦促改革,包括数字海关系统、受益所有权登记册、供应链核查和将误报定为犯罪的更强有力的法律。 The report urges reforms including digital customs systems, beneficial ownership registries, blockchain verification, and stronger laws to criminalize misinvoicing.