采用人工智能最初将美国制造业生产率削减高达44%,但长期收益随之而来,特别是对于较新的企业而言。 AI adoption initially cuts U.S. manufacturing productivity by up to 44%, but long-term gains follow, especially for newer firms.

在2026年的美国经济协会会议上,研究显示,采用AI的美国制造公司最初面临生产率急剧下降——由于设置和再培训费用高昂,高达44,但最终随着时间推移出现了强劲增长,形成“J”曲线。 At the 2026 American Economic Association conference, research revealed that U.S. manufacturing firms adopting AI initially face sharp productivity drops—up to 44%—due to high setup and retraining costs, but eventually see strong gains over time, forming a "J" curve. 较新、较灵活的公司受益最多,而较老的公司则在适应方面挣扎。 Newer, more agile firms benefited most, while older companies struggled with adaptation. 另一项研究突出强调了二战时代政府如何通过公私伙伴关系对青霉素生产进行投资,这为科学创新、推动医学、国防和技术进步几十年创造了持久的模式。 Another study highlighted how WWII-era government investment in penicillin production through public-private partnerships created a lasting model for scientific innovation, driving advancements in medicine, defense, and technology for decades.