诺罗病毒导致呕吐和腹泻,由于免疫力不足,在冬季可以多次重新感染人,而且尽管有酒精消毒剂,仍然很容易扩散;彻底洗手和清洁对阻止传播至关重要。 Norovirus, causing vomiting and diarrhea, can reinfect people multiple times in winter due to short immunity, and spreads easily despite alcohol sanitizers; thorough handwashing and cleaning are crucial to stop transmission.

联合王国卫生安全局警告说,诺罗病毒在冬季可以多次重新感染人,因为免疫是短暂的。 The UK Health Security Agency warns that norovirus can reinfect people multiple times during the winter, as immunity is short-lived. 高传染性病毒导致呕吐、腹泻和腹部抽搐,症状持续两至三天。 The highly contagious virus causes vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps, with symptoms lasting two to three days. 在症状结束后,个人仍然有多达48小时的传染性,因此,国家保健服务机构建议,在此之前,远离学校、工作场所和护理机构。 Individuals remain infectious for up to 48 hours after symptoms end, so the NHS advises staying away from schools, workplaces, and care homes until then. 以酒精为基础的净化剂无效;用肥皂和水彻底洗手至关重要。 Alcohol-based sanitizers are ineffective; thorough handwashing with soap and water is essential. 表面、衣服和床上用品应在60°C时清洗或冲洗,以防止扩散。 Surfaces, clothing, and bedding should be cleaned or washed at 60°C to prevent spread. 保持水分并避免公共空间,而症状是减少传播的关键。 Staying hydrated and avoiding public spaces while symptomatic are key to reducing transmission.