拿破仑士兵的古代DNA显示,在1812年撤退期间,不仅寒冷,而且还有疾病造成大规模死亡。 Ancient DNA from Napoleon's soldiers shows disease, not just cold, caused mass deaths during 1812 retreat.

对立陶宛维尔纽斯2001年发现的乱葬坑中13个士兵牙齿的古代DNA进行的一项新研究显示,传染病在拿破仑1812年俄罗斯撤退过程中发挥了重要作用。 A new study of ancient DNA from 13 soldiers’ teeth in a 2001-discovered mass grave in Vilnius, Lithuania, reveals that infectious diseases played a major role in Napoleon’s 1812 Russian retreat. 研究人员查明了两种先前未经证实的病原体——复发热和复发热——以及伤寒和壕沟热等已知疾病。 Researchers identified two previously unconfirmed pathogens—paratyphoid fever and relapsing fever—alongside known diseases like typhus and trench fever. 由先进的古代基因组技术得出的研究结果表明,由于寒冷、饥饿和恶劣的卫生条件,微生物感染加剧,使军队遭受严重破坏。 The findings, made possible by advanced paleogenomic techniques, show that microbial infections, exacerbated by cold, starvation, and poor sanitation, devastated the army. 该研究强调疾病是历史上最严重的军事灾难之一的决定性因素。 The study underscores disease as a decisive factor in one of history’s worst military disasters.