诺贝尔奖获得者Peter Howitt警告AI威胁工作机会, Nobel laureate Peter Howitt warns AI threatens jobs and demands urgent regulation to avoid widespread disruption.

诺贝尔奖获得者经济学家Peter Howitt在2025年10月13日警告说,人工智能虽然具有变革潜力,但对就业构成严重风险,需要紧急监管,以防止劳动力普遍中断。 Nobel laureate economist Peter Howitt warned on October 13, 2025, that artificial intelligence, while offering transformative potential, poses serious risks to jobs and requires urgent regulation to prevent widespread labor disruption. 在与Philippe Aghion和Joel Mokyr一起赢得诺贝尔经济学奖后, Howit强调创新取代现有产业的“创造性破坏”概念,并强调不受管制的市场不会自然地解决由此产生的社会冲突。 Speaking after winning the Nobel Prize in Economics alongside Philippe Aghion and Joel Mokyr for their work on technological growth, Howitt highlighted the concept of "creative destruction," where innovation displaces existing industries, and stressed that unregulated markets won’t naturally resolve the resulting societal conflicts. 他将目前的人工智能时刻与过去诸如电力和蒸汽电等革命相比,指出其对就业的长期影响不确定。 He compared the current AI moment to past revolutions like electricity and steam power, noting uncertainty about its long-term impact on employment. 相反,Mokyr则表示乐观地认为,技术将工人转向更复杂的任务,并对老龄化人口的劳动力短缺表示关切。 In contrast, Mokyr expressed optimism that technology shifts workers toward more complex tasks and raised concerns about labor shortages from aging populations. 与此同时,加利福尼亚州颁布了美国第一部主要法律,要求AI聊天机互动的透明度,这表明政府日益重视管理AI的社会影响。 The remarks coincided with California enacting the first major U.S. law requiring transparency in AI chatbot interactions, signaling growing governmental focus on managing AI’s societal effects.