19项研究将孕产妇产前吸烟与儿童学业成绩不佳联系起来,增加了49%的可能性。 19 studies link maternal prenatal smoking to poor academic outcomes in children, increasing likelihood by 49%.

19项研究报告和125万名参与者揭示了产前孕产妇吸烟与儿童学业成绩不佳之间的联系。 19 studies and 1.25 million participants reveal a link between maternal prenatal smoking and poor academic outcomes in children. 经过对多项研究,发现母亲在产前吸烟的孩子在学业成绩下降的可能性高49%. A meta-analysis shows that children exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking are 49% more likely to struggle with poor academic achievement. 这项研究强调需要更好地教育母亲和家庭,使其了解怀孕期间吸烟对母亲和儿童的不利影响。 This research emphasizes the need for better education of mothers and families about the detrimental effects of smoking during pregnancy on both mother and child.